(1).Ukuvalwa kweplastiki
ETshayina,
Ngo-2022, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zeplastiki ezilahlwayo kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, ezinye iimveliso ziya kukhuthazwa, kwaye inxalenye yenkunkuma yeplastiki esetyenziswa njengemithombo kunye namandla iya kwandiswa kakhulu.
Ngo-2025, inkqubo yokulawula ukuveliswa, ukujikeleziswa, ukusetyenziswa, ukurisayikilisha kunye nokulahlwa kweemveliso zeplastiki iya kube imiselwe ngokusisiseko, isixa senkunkuma yeplastiki kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kwizixeko eziphambili kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye ungcoliseko lweplastiki luya kulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.
ETshayina-Ngomhla we-10 ku-Epreli 2020, iphondo laseHeilongjiang laqalisa ukufuna izimvo ngomgangatho wokwahlulwa kwenkunkuma yasezidolophini.
Kwi
1.Ukuthotywa
Ukuchaphazeleka kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo, emva kwexesha elithile kunye nokubandakanya inyathelo elinye okanye ngaphezulu, isakhiwo sifumana utshintsho oluphawulekayo kunye nokulahlekelwa kokusebenza (njengokunyaniseka, ubunzima be-molecular mass, isakhiwo okanye amandla omatshini).
2.Ukwandiswa kwezinto eziphilayo
Ukuthotywa okubangelwa yimisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo, ngokukodwa isenzo se-enzymes, kubangela utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwisakhiwo sekhemikhali yezinto.
Njengoko izinto eziphathekayo zichithwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngama-microorganisms okanye izinto eziphilayo njengomthombo wezondlo, kubangela ukulahleka komgangatho, ukusebenza, njengokuhla kokusebenza komzimba, kwaye ekugqibeleni kubangele ukuba izinto ziboliswe zibe ziikhompawundi ezilula okanye izinto, ezifana ne-carbon dioxide (CO2) ) okanye/kunye nemethane (CH4), amanzi (H2O) kunye neetyuwa ze-mineralized inorganic salts eziqulethwe kuyo, kunye ne-biomass entsha.
3. Ukuthotywa kwebhayobhiloji yokugqibela
Phantsi kweemeko ze-aerobic, i-material igqitywe ekugqibeleni yi-microorganisms ibe yi-carbon dioxide (CO2), amanzi (H2O) kunye neetyuwa ze-mineralized inorganic of the element eziqulethwe kuyo, kunye ne-biomass entsha.
4.Ugqibelelo lwe-anaerobic biodegradation
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ze-anoxic, izinto ekugqibeleni zichithwa yi-microorganisms kwi-carbon dioxide (CO2), i-methane (CH4), amanzi (H2O) kunye neetyuwa ze-mineralized inorganic of the elements ezikuyo kunye ne-biomass entsha.
5.Umthamo wonyango lwebhayoloji-ukunyangeka kwebhayoloji (unyango lwebhayoloji)
Ukubanakho kwemathiriyeli ukuvundiswa phantsi kweemeko ze-aerobic okanye ze-biologically digested phantsi kweemeko ze-anaerobic.
6. Ukonakala-ukonakala (ukonakala)
Utshintsho olusisigxina ekulahlekeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakaliswe ngeeplastiki ngenxa yomonakalo kwizakhiwo ezithile.
7.Ukuqhekeka
Izinto eziphathekayo ziqhekeka zibe ziziqwenga ezintle kakhulu.
8.I-compost (umgquba)
I-Organic conditioner yomhlaba efunyenwe kwi-biological decomposition yomxube. Umxube wenziwa ikakhulu ziintsalela zezityalo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ikwaqulathe imathiriyeli ephilayo kunye nezinto ezithile ezingaphiliyo.
9.Ukuvundisa
Indlela yonyango ye-aerobic yokuvelisa umgquba.
10.I-compostability-compostability
Isakhono semathiriyeli ukuba ihlaziywe ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza umgquba.
Ukuba isakhono somgquba sibhengezwe, kufuneka kuchazwe ukuba izinto ziyabola kwaye zinokonakala kwinkqubo yokwenziwa komgquba (njengoko kubonisiwe kwindlela yovavanyo oluqhelekileyo), kwaye i-biodegradable ngokupheleleyo ekusetyenzisweni kokugqibela komgquba. Umgquba kufuneka uhlangabezane nemigangatho yomgangatho ofanelekileyo, njengomxholo wentsimbi enzima ephantsi, akukho tyhefu yebhayoloji, kwaye kungabikho ntsalela icacileyo yahlulakalayo.
11.Iplastiki eyonakaliswayo (iplastiki eyonakaliswayo)
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo zokusingqongileyo, emva kwexesha kwaye iqulethe inyathelo elinye okanye ngaphezulu, ubume beekhemikhali bezinto eziphathekayo zitshintshwa kakhulu kwaye iimpawu ezithile (ezifana nokunyaniseka, ubunzima bemolekyuli, isakhiwo okanye amandla omatshini) zilahlekile kunye / okanye iplastiki. yophukile. Iindlela zovavanyo ezisemgangathweni ezinokubonisa utshintsho ekusebenzeni kufuneka zisetyenziselwe uvavanyo, kwaye udidi kufuneka lugqitywe ngokwendlela yokuthotywa kunye nomjikelo wokusetyenziswa.
Jonga iiplastiki ezinokubola; iiplastiki ezivundisiweyo; iiplastiki ze-thermo-degradable; iiplastiki ezinokonakala ukukhanya.
12.Iplastiki enokubola (iplastiki enokubola)
Phantsi kweemeko zendalo ezinjengomhlaba kunye/okanye umhlaba oyisanti, kunye/okanye iimeko ezithile ezifana neemeko zomgquba okanye iimeko zokugaywa kwe-anaerobic okanye kulwelo lwenkcubeko enamanzi, ukuthotywa kubangelwa yisenzo se-microorganisms kwindalo, kwaye ekugqibeleni kuthotywe ngokupheleleyo kwi-carbon dioxide ( I-CO2) okanye/kunye nemethane (CH4), amanzi (H2O) kunye neetyuwa ze-mineralized inorganic salts eziqulethwe kuyo, kunye neeplastiki zebiomass ezintsha.
Bona: IiPlastiki eziguquguqukayo.
13. Ubushushu kunye/okanye i-oxide-iplastiki eyonakaliswayo (ubushushu kunye/okanye iplastiki eyonakaliswa yi-oxide)
Iiplastiki ezithotywayo ngenxa yobushushu kunye / okanye i-oxidation.
Bona: IiPlastiki eziguquguqukayo.
14. Iphepha leplastiki elonakeleyo (photo-degradable sheet)
Iiplastiki ezonakaliswe yisenzo sokukhanya kwelanga kwendalo.
Bona: IiPlastiki eziguquguqukayo.
15.iplastiki evundisiweyo
Iplastiki enokuthi ithotywe kwaye ichithakale phantsi kweemeko zomgquba ngenxa yenkqubo ye-biological reaction, kwaye ekugqibeleni iboliswe ngokupheleleyo kwi-carbon dioxide (CO2), amanzi (H2O) kunye neetyuwa ze-mineralized inorganic of the element eziqulethwe kuyo, kunye ne-Biomass entsha, kunye umxholo wesinyithi esinzima, uvavanyo lwetyhefu, intsalela yentsalela, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-18-2021