Umhlaba wanamhlanje, ungcoliseko lweplastiki luye lwaba lukhulu ngakumbi. Ungcoliseko lweplastiki luvele kwincochoyi yeNtaba i-Everest, emazantsi oLwandle lwase China ngaphezu kwe-3,900 yeemitha ubunzulu, kumkhenkce weArctic, nakwiMariana Trench…
Ngeli xesha leempahla ezihamba ngokukhawuleza, sitya i-snacks epakishwe ngeplastiki yonke imihla, okanye sifumane ukuhanjiswa okuthe ngqo, okanye sitye izinto ezithathwayo kwiibhokisi zokutya okukhawulezayo zeplastiki. Inyaniso eyoyikisayo kukuba: iimveliso zeplastiki zinzima ukuthotywa, kwaye kuya kuthatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola ngokupheleleyo kwaye zinyamalale. .
Eyona nto yoyikeka ngakumbi kukuba izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ezininzi njenge-9 iintlobo ze-microplastics emzimbeni womntu. Ngokutsho kwe-Glowbal News, ngokophando lwamva nje lweYunivesithi yaseVictoria, abantu abadala baseMerika badla i-126 kwi-142 i-microplastic particles yonke imihla kwaye bayifake yonke imihla. 132-170 amasuntswana eplastiki.
Yintoni microplastic?
Ngokutsho kwenkcazo yesazi saseBrithani uThompson, i-microplastics ibhekisela kumaqhekeza eplastiki kunye neengqungquthela ezinobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-5 microns. Ithini ingqikelelo yeemicrons ezi-5? Amaxesha amaninzi ngaphantsi kweqhekeza leenwele, kwaye phantse akunakwenzeka ukubonwa ngeliso lenyama.
Ngoko ezi microplastics zahlasela umzimba womntu zivela phi?
Kukho imithombo emininzi:
① Iimveliso zasemanzini
Oku kulula ukuyiqonda. Xa abantu belahla inkunkuma emilanjeni, elwandle nasemachibini ngokuthanda kwabo, inkunkuma yeplastiki iya kubola ibe ngamasuntswana amancinane ize ingene kumzimba wezinto eziphila emanzini. Elwandle, zininzi njenge-114 eziphilayo zasemanzini ezifumene ii-microplastics emizimbeni yazo. Emva kokuba uluntu lwenze iiplastiki ngenkulungwane ye-19, zizonke iitoni ezisisi-8.3 seebhiliyoni zeeplastiki ziye zaveliswa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwaye ngaphezu kwe-2 yezigidi zeetoni zeeplastiki ezilahlwayo zilahlwa ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle konyango kwaye ekugqibeleni zingene elwandle.
② Sebenzisa iiplastiki ekwenzeni ukutya
Iingcali zenzululwazi zisanda kuqhuba iimvavanyo ezibanzi kwiimpawu ezingaphezu kwe-250 zamanzi asebhotileni kumazwe angama-9 emhlabeni jikelele kwaye zafumanisa ukuba amanzi amaninzi ebhotile aqukethe i-microplastics. Nkqu namanzi etephu awanakuphepheka. I-arhente yophando e-United States iphande amanzi ompompo kumazwe angama-14 emhlabeni jikelele, kwaye iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-83% yeesampuli zamanzi ezipompo ziqulethe i-microplastics. Kunzima ukunqanda ii-microplastics nakumanzi ompompo, singasathethi ke ngeebhokisi zokukhupha kunye neekomityi zeti yobisi osoloko udibana nazo. Umphezulu wezi zixhobo udla ngokugqunywa ngoluhlu lwe-polyethylene. I-polyethylene iya kuphulwa ibe ngamancinci amancinci.
③ Umthombo awuzange ucinge ngawo-ityuwa
Ewe, ityuwa oyidla yonke imihla inokuba ne-microplastics. Kuba ityuwa esiyityayo itsalwa emilanjeni, elwandle nasemachibini. Ungcoliseko lwamanzi ngokuqinisekileyo luya kukwenzakalisa iintlanzi echibini. Le “ntlanzi yasechibini” yityuwa.
I “Scientific American” inike ingxelo ngophononongo olwenziwe yiShanghai East China University Normal:
I-Microplastics, efana ne-polyethylene kunye ne-cellophane, ifunyenwe kwiimpawu ze-15 zeesampuli zetyuwa eziqokelelwe ngabaphandi. Ngokukodwa kwityuwa yolwandle, engaphezu kweeyuan ezingama-550 ngekhilogram nganye, baye benza izibalo: Ngokomlinganiselo wetyuwa esiyityayo ngosuku, umlinganiselo wee<em>microplastics ezityiwa ngumntu ngetyuwa ngonyaka unokungaphezu kweeyuan ezili-1 000!
④ Iimfuno zemihla ngemihla zekhaya
Usenokungazi ukuba nokuba awuyi kulahla inkunkuma, izinto osazisebenzisayo ziya kuvelisa ii-microplastics ngomzuzu ngamnye. Umzekelo, iimpahla ezininzi ngoku zinefayibha yemichiza. Xa ulahla iimpahla zakho kumatshini wokuhlamba ukuze zihlanjwe, iimpahla ziya kulahla iifiber eziphezulu. Le micu ikhutshwa ngamanzi amdaka, eyiplastiki. Musa ukujonga inani le-microfibers. Abaphandi bacinga ukuba kwisixeko esinabantu abazizigidi ezi-1, i-toni ye-1 ye-microfiber ikhutshwa yonke imihla, elingana ne-150,000 yeengxowa zeplastiki ezingenakonakala. Ngaphezu koko, iimveliso ezininzi zokucoca, ezifana nekhilimu yokucheba, i-toothpaste, i-sunscreen, i-makeup remover, i-facial cleanser, njl., iqulethe isithako esibizwa ngokuba yi-"soft beads" yokuhlanjululwa okunzulu, okuyiyona nto i-microplastic.
Ubungozi be-microplastics ebantwini
Ii-microplastics ezidada elwandle azinakubonelela kuphela ngendawo yokuphila kunye nokuveliswa kwee-microorganisms ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ziphinde zifunxe isinyithi esinzima kunye nezingcoliso eziphilayo eziqhubekayo elwandle. Okufana nezibulali-zinambuzane, iiretardants zedangatye, ii-polychlorinated biphenyls, njl. njl., zihamba kunye nemisinga yolwandle ukuze zenze umonakalo wekhemikhali kwindalo esingqongileyo. Amasuntswana eplastiki mancinci ngobubanzi kwaye angangena kwiiseli zethishu kwaye aqokelele esibindini, abangele ukudumba kunye netyhefu engapheliyo. Kwakhona kunokutshabalalisa ukunyamezela kwamathumbu kunye nokuphendula komzimba. I-microplastics encinci ingangena kwisitya segazi kunye ne-lymphatic system. Xa ugxininiso oluthile lufikelelwe, luya kuchaphazela kakhulu inkqubo yethu ye-endocrine. Ekugqibeleni, yinto nje yexesha ngaphambi kokuba umzimba womntu uginywe yiplastiki.
Ukujongana ne-microplastics ekhoyo yonke indawo, abantu banokuzisindisa njani?
Ukongeza kokubiza ukuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kweemveliso zeplastiki ezilahlwayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukunciphisa kunye nokuphelisa ukupakishwa kweplastiki kunye namanqaku alahlwayo, kufuneka siphuhlise ngokusebenzayo kwaye sikhuthaze enye indlela yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha. I-Shanghai Hui Ang Industrial Co., Ltd. igxile ekukhuthazeni nasekusetyenzisweni kwe-PLA yezinto ezinokubola. I-PLA ithathwe kwimithombo yezityalo ezivuselelekayo (ezifana nombona, icassava, njl.). Isitashi izinto ekrwada zifakwa saccharified ukufumana iswekile, nto leyo ke ivundiswe iswekile kunye iintlobo ezithile ukuvelisa i-asidi lactic high-ubunyulu, kwaye ke imolekyuli ethile ubunzima polylactic acid idityaniswe nge synthesis imichiza. Inokonakala kwezinto eziphilayo. Emva kokusetyenziswa, inokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngama-microorganisms kwindalo phantsi kweemeko ezithile, kwaye ekugqibeleni ivelise i-carbon dioxide kunye namanzi. Iqatshelwa njengesixhobo esihambelana nokusingqongileyo. I-Shanghai Hui Ang Industrial ibambelela kwingqikelelo yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo “yokuvela kwindalo nokubuyela kwindalo”, kwaye izibophelele ekuvumeleni iimveliso ezinokonakala ngokupheleleyo ukuba zingene kwintsapho nganye. Yenze uphawu lwentengiso yamagcisa. Iimveliso ziquka iindiza, iingxowa zokuthenga, iingxowa zenkunkuma, iingxowa zezilwanyana zasekhaya, kunye neengxowa zokugcina ezintsha. , Ifilimu ye-Cling kunye noluhlu lweemveliso ezilahlayo ezinokonakala ngokupheleleyo kokusingqongileyo, nceda ukhangele imarike yezobugcisa kwiimpawu ze-biodegradable ngokupheleleyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-18-2021